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1 позволять
( давать возможность) to make it possible to (do smth.), enableподъёмная сила позволяет самолётам летать --- the lift force enables airplanes to fly to link computers together to form a network, so as to make it possible to transfer data, share resources, or access the system from a number of different locations; an electronic marker which makes it possible to track the whereabouts of the person or thing to which it is attached
Русско-английский словарь механических и общенаучных терминов > позволять
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2 в разных местах
in different locations наречие: -
3 место
. в другом месте; в месте; в некоторых местах; занимать... место; иметь место; меняться местами; на месте; проверка на месте; становиться на место; удерживать на месте; установленный на месте; уступать место•In each octave there is room for seven different notes.
•The troposphere is the seat (or scene) of all important weather processes.
•The spinal cord was viewed as the seat of many of these interactions.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > место
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4 место
. в другом месте; в месте; в некоторых местах; занимать... место; иметь место; меняться местами; на месте; проверка на месте; становиться на место; удерживать на месте; установленный на месте; уступать место•In each octave there is room for seven different notes.
•The troposphere is the seat (or scene) of all important weather processes.
•The spinal cord was viewed as the seat of many of these interactions.
* * *Место -- place, site, area, point; location (расположения); passage (часть текста)— по местуРусско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > место
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5 эшелонирование
separation
рассредоточение самолетов на безопасные расстояния по высоте, дальности и направлению. — spacing of the aircraft at safety distances vertically, longifudinally and lateraly.
-, боковое — lateral separation
рассредоточение отдельных ла на одной высоте но на различных курсах или в разных районах воздушного пространства. — lateral spacing of aircraft at the same height by requiring operation on different routes or in different geographical locations.
-, вертикальное (по высоте) — vertical separation
полет отдельных ла на разных высотах в данном районе воздушного пространства. — provision made by airtraffic clearances, allowing for the vertical separation of aircraft
-, горизонтальное (боковое) — lateral separation
- по времени — longitudinal separation (in units of time)
рассредоточение отдельных ла на одной высоте, следующих по минимальном удалении с интервалом по времени. — longitudinal spacing of aircraft at the same height and at a minimum distanc pressed in units of time.
- пo высоте — vertical separation
- пo интервалам (дистанциям) — longitudinal separation (in units of distance)
- продольное — longitudinal separation (in units of distance)
самолеты, эшелонированные пo высоте (в ожидании посадки) — aircraft (holding) stack
выдерживать э. — maintain separation
обеспечивать выдерживание интервалов э. — provide separationРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > эшелонирование
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6 уменьшать
Уменьшать - to decrease, to reduce, to lower, to lessen, to diminish (понижать); to detract from, to alleviate, to relax (ослаблять, облегчать); to curtail (сокращать, урезывать)The effect of higher initial rod temperature is to reduce the quench from velocity.Attention over the past years has been directed to the outlet end of a heat recovery boiler where dual drums have been incorporated to lower the stack temperature.At locations further outward from the vessel centerline, reduced turbulence lessens the gradient.The production of spray at nozzle exit detracts from the cohesiveness and distance of travel of the jet before breakup.Dimensional tolerances may be greatly relaxed.Some resonances are enhanced by the load; some are diminished.Various palliatives have been tried on different engine types to alleviate this type of damage.Station electrical output may be needlessly curtailed because of the limit imposed on the thermal output of the reactor (... могут необоснованно уменьшить...).At the same time, the power to the vent heater was diminished to about a quarter of its initial value, and after an hour it was turned off.Уменьшать до-- The work output required of the turbine was reduced to 55 percent of the aero level. Уменьшать на-- The operating metal temperatures of the critical blade section and the center of the wheel rim are reduced 145°F and 260°F, respectively.—уменьшать штат наРусско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > уменьшать
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7 длительный допустимый ток
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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